What is Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?

Avascular Necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, is a condition in which the bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply. Over time, this can lead to joint pain, bone collapse, and arthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints like the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle.

Common Causes of AVN

Trauma/Injury –

Fractures or dislocations can damage blood vessels supplying the bone.

Corticosteroid Use –

Long-term use of steroids (e.g., for asthma or autoimmune diseases) increases AVN risk.

Excessive Alcohol Consumption –

Damages blood vessels and affects bone health.

Medical Conditions –

Sickle cell disease, lupus, diabetes, and kidney disease can contribute to AVN.

Blood Clotting Disorders –

Conditions that impair blood circulation can lead to AVN.

Idiopathic (Unknown Cause) –

Some cases occur without any clear reason.

Symptoms of AVN

Early Stage (Silent Phase) – No symptoms, detected only on MRI.

Mid-Stage (Pain Begins) – Hip or knee pain during movement, mild stiffness.

Advanced Stage (Bone Collapse) – Severe pain, joint stiffness, difficulty walking.

Most Commonly Affected Areas: Hip (Femoral Head), Knee, Shoulder, Ankle

Treatment Options for AVN

Medications:

NSAIDs (Pain relief – Ibuprofen, Naproxen)

Bisphosphonates (Slows bone damage – Alendronate)

Blood thinners (Prevents clotting in AVN-related conditions)

Lifestyle Modifications:

Reduce weight-bearing on the joint (use crutches).

Avoid alcohol and corticosteroids.

Physical therapy to maintain joint mobility.

Core Decompression (Minimally Invasive Surgery)

A small hole is drilled in the bone to relieve pressure and stimulate new blood vessel growth.

Best for early-stage AVN before bone collapse.